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<DIV><FONT color=#0000ff face=Arial size=2><SPAN class=382472519-08082000>Here
is an interesting article, </SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#0000ff face=Arial size=2><SPAN
class=382472519-08082000></SPAN></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#0000ff face=Arial size=2><SPAN class=382472519-08082000>Sorry
if I have strayed of topic.</SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<P><FONT size=2>Stephen Dawes B.A. B.Sc.<BR>Web Business Office, City of
Calgary<BR>PHONE: (403) 268-5527. FAX: (403) 268-6423<BR>E-MAIL
ADDRESS: sdawes@gov.calgary.ab.ca </FONT></P>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV class=OutlookMessageHeader><FONT face="Times New Roman"
size=2>-----Original Message-----<BR><B>From:</B> George Tapley
[mailto:george.tapley@gov.calgary.ab.ca] <BR><B>Sent:</B> 2000 August 08 11:06
AM<BR><B>To:</B> Stephen.Dawes@gov.calgary.ab.ca<BR><B>Subject:</B> CNN.com -
Technology - Analysis: Web sites are locking out thedisabled - August 7,
2000<BR><BR></FONT></DIV><A name=top></A>
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<TD><SPAN class=NNTxt><B><A class=NNSection
href="/TECH/index.html">TECHNOLOGY</A></B><BR>TOP
STORIES<BR><BR><A
href="/2000/TECH/space/08/07/space.planets/index.html">Scientists
reveal nine new planets</A><BR><BR><A
href="/2000/TECH/computing/08/07/cybersquatting.ap/index.html">Major
merged companies win U.N. cybersquatting
cases</A><BR><BR><A
href="/2000/TECH/ptech/08/07/newpalms.ap/index.html">New
Palm organizer targets younger crowd</A><BR><BR><A
href="/2000/TECH/space/08/07/russia.space.ap/index.html">Official:
Launch of Russian module remained in doubt until
last moment</A><BR><BR><A
href="/2000/TECH/computing/08/07/wong/index.html">Controversial
Asian Web cartoon angers civil rights
groups</A><BR><BR><A
href="/2000/TECH/computing/08/07/web.site.accessibility.idg/index.html">Analysis:
Web sites are locking out the
disabled</A><BR><BR><SPAN class=NNMore>(<A
href="/TECH/index.html">MORE</A>)</SPAN>
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<TD><SPAN class=NNTxt>TOP STORIES<BR><BR><A
href="/2000/WORLD/europe/08/08/russia.explosion.ap/index.html">Eight
killed in Moscow bomb explosion</A><BR><BR><A
href="/2000/WORLD/americas/08/08/chile.pinochet.02/index.html">Chilean
Supreme Court strips Pinochet of
immunity</A><BR><BR><A
href="/2000/ALLPOLITICS/stories/08/08/gore.lieberman/index.html">Gore,
Lieberman prepare for public debut of Democratic
ticket</A><BR><BR><A
href="/2000/US/08/08/wildfires.02/index.html">Clinton
heading to wildfire zone in West</A><BR><BR><SPAN
class=NNMore>(<A href="/">MORE</A>)</SPAN>
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<DIV class=NNTxt><A href="/cnnfn/"
style="COLOR: #000000">BUSINESS</A><BR><BR>
<DIV class=NNTxt style="WIDTH: 155px"><A
href="/cnnfn/2000/08/08/markets/markets_newyork/">Wall Street
edges ahead</A><BR><BR><A
href="/cnnfn/2000/08/08/companies/verizon/">Verizon dips on
earnings</A><BR><BR><A
href="/cnnfn/2000/08/08/strategies/q_retire_portfolio/">An
educated portfolio</A><BR><BR></DIV><SPAN class=NNMore><A
href="/cnnfn/">(MORE)</A> <BR><BR></SPAN></DIV>
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<DIV class=FSnPSmDk>MARKETS</DIV></TD>
<TD align=right colSpan=2>
<DIV class=FSnPSmDk>1:02pm ET, 8/8</DIV></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD width=15>
<DIV class=FSnPSmDk><A
href="/cnnfn/markets/dow.html">DJIA</A></DIV></TD>
<TD width=10><IMG align=middle height=7 hspace=0
src="/images/1999/09/up.gif" width=7></TD>
<TD align=left width=20>
<DIV class=FSnPSmDk>51.20</DIV></TD>
<TD align=right width=110>
<DIV class=FSnPSmDk>10918.20</DIV></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD width=15>
<DIV class=FSnPSmDk><A
href="/cnnfn/markets/nasdaq.html">NAS</A></DIV></TD>
<TD width=10><IMG align=middle height=7 hspace=0
src="/images/1999/09/down.gif" width=7></TD>
<TD align=left width=20>
<DIV class=FSnPSmDk>4.57</DIV></TD>
<TD align=right width=110>
<DIV class=FSnPSmDk>3858.42</DIV></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD width=15>
<DIV class=FSnPSmDk><A
href="/cnnfn/markets/sandp.html">S&P</A></DIV></TD>
<TD width=10><IMG align=middle height=7 hspace=0
src="/images/1999/09/up.gif" width=7></TD>
<TD align=left width=20>
<DIV class=FSnPSmDk>0.96</DIV></TD>
<TD align=right width=110>
<DIV class=FSnPSmDk>1480.28</DIV></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
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<TD><SPAN class=NNTxt><A href="/cnnsi"
style="COLOR: #000000">SPORTS</A><BR><BR>
<DIV class=NNTxt style="WIDTH: 155px"><A
href="/cnnsi/baseball/mlb/news/2000/08/07/rangers_indians_ap">Indians
close wild-card gap with 2-0 win over Texas</A><BR><BR><A
href="/cnnsi/baseball/mlb/news/2000/08/08/chipper_contract">Report:
Chipper to sign $90 million Braves deal</A><BR><BR><A
href="/cnnsi/baseball/mlb/news/2000/08/07/expos_diamondbacks_ap">Schilling
silences Expos, now 3-0 with D'backs</A><BR><BR></DIV><SPAN
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<TD><A class=NNTxt href="/WORLD/"
style="COLOR: #000000">WORLD</A><BR><BR>
<DIV class=NNTxt style="WIDTH: 155px"><A
href="/2000/WORLD/europe/08/08/russia.blast.02/index.html">8
dead in Russia blast</A></DIV></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></TD>
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<TD>
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<TD><A class=NNTxt href="/US/"
style="COLOR: #000000">U.S.</A><BR><BR>
<DIV class=NNTxt style="WIDTH: 155px"><A
href="/2000/US/08/08/wildfires.02/index.html">Clinton
visits wildfire zone in
West</A></DIV></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></TD>
<TD width=1><IMG border=0 height=1 hspace=0
src="http://a388.g.akamai.net/f/388/21/15m/www.cnn.com/images/hub2000/1.gif"
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<TR>
<TD><A class=NNTxt href="/ALLPOLITICS/"
style="COLOR: #000000">POLITICS</A><BR><BR>
<DIV class=NNTxt style="WIDTH: 155px"><A
href="/2000/ALLPOLITICS/stories/08/08/gore.lieberman/index.html">Gore,
Lieberman prepare for public debut of Democratic
ticket</A></DIV></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></TD>
<TD width=1><IMG border=0 height=1 hspace=0
src="http://a388.g.akamai.net/f/388/21/15m/www.cnn.com/images/hub2000/1.gif"
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src="/images/hub2000/divider1.gif" width=163> </TD></TR>
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src="http://a388.g.akamai.net/f/388/21/15m/www.cnn.com/images/hub2000/1.gif"
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<TD><A class=NNTxt href="/LAW/"
style="COLOR: #000000">LAW</A><BR><BR>
<DIV class=NNTxt style="WIDTH: 155px"><A
href="/2000/WORLD/americas/08/08/chile.pinochet.02/index.html">Chilean
Supreme Court strips Pinochet of
immunity</A></DIV></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></TD>
<TD width=1><IMG border=0 height=1 hspace=0
src="http://a388.g.akamai.net/f/388/21/15m/www.cnn.com/images/hub2000/1.gif"
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src="/images/hub2000/divider1.gif" width=163> </TD></TR>
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<TD width=1><IMG border=0 height=1 hspace=0
src="http://a388.g.akamai.net/f/388/21/15m/www.cnn.com/images/hub2000/1.gif"
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<TD>
<TABLE border=0 cellPadding=2 cellSpacing=0 width="100%">
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD><A class=NNTxt href="/SHOWBIZ/"
style="COLOR: #000000">ENTERTAINMENT</A><BR><BR>
<DIV class=NNTxt style="WIDTH: 155px"><A
href="/2000/SHOWBIZ/Arts/08/07/festival.main/index.html">The
Edinburgh Festival - The Greatest Show in the
World</A></DIV></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></TD>
<TD width=1><IMG border=0 height=1 hspace=0
src="http://a388.g.akamai.net/f/388/21/15m/www.cnn.com/images/hub2000/1.gif"
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<TBODY>
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<TD><A class=NNTxt href="/HEALTH/"
style="COLOR: #000000">HEALTH</A><BR><BR>
<DIV class=NNTxt style="WIDTH: 155px"><A
href="/2000/HEALTH/women/08/08/osteoporosis.testing.ap/index.html">Study:
Doctors failing to test for
osteoporosis</A></DIV></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></TD>
<TD width=1><IMG border=0 height=1 hspace=0
src="http://a388.g.akamai.net/f/388/21/15m/www.cnn.com/images/hub2000/1.gif"
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<TD><A class=NNTxt href="/TRAVEL/"
style="COLOR: #000000">TRAVEL</A><BR><BR>
<DIV class=NNTxt style="WIDTH: 155px"><A
href="/2000/TRAVEL/NEWS/08/08/united.cancellations.ap/index.html">United
Airlines scraps nearly 2,000
flights</A></DIV></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></TD>
<TD width=1><IMG border=0 height=1 hspace=0
src="http://a388.g.akamai.net/f/388/21/15m/www.cnn.com/images/hub2000/1.gif"
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src="http://a388.g.akamai.net/f/388/21/15m/www.cnn.com/images/hub2000/1.gif"
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src="/images/hub2000/divider1.gif" width=163> </TD></TR>
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<TD width=1><IMG border=0 height=1 hspace=0
src="http://a388.g.akamai.net/f/388/21/15m/www.cnn.com/images/hub2000/1.gif"
width=1 NOSEND="1"></TD>
<TD>
<TABLE border=0 cellPadding=2 cellSpacing=0 width="100%">
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD><A class=NNTxt href="/FOOD/"
style="COLOR: #000000">FOOD</A><BR><BR>
<DIV class=NNTxt style="WIDTH: 155px"><A
href="/2000/FOOD/news/08/08/official.wine.ap/index.html">Korbel,
Fetzer to give cash, not alcohol, to Utah's 2002 Olympic
Games</A></DIV></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></TD>
<TD width=1><IMG border=0 height=1 hspace=0
src="http://a388.g.akamai.net/f/388/21/15m/www.cnn.com/images/hub2000/1.gif"
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<TD colSpan=3><IMG border=0 height=1 hspace=1
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vspace=1 width=1 NOSEND="1"></TD></TR>
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<TBODY>
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<TD><A class=NNTxt href="/STYLE/"
style="COLOR: #000000">ARTS & STYLE</A><BR><BR>
<DIV class=NNTxt style="WIDTH: 155px"><A
href="/2000/STYLE/design/08/08/online.antiquing.ap/index.html">Antique
dealers tap new customers on the
Web</A></DIV></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></TD>
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src="http://a388.g.akamai.net/f/388/21/15m/www.cnn.com/images/hub2000/1.gif"
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<TD><SPAN class=NvSmBLt> WEB
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<CENTER><BR><BR><A
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<TD rowSpan=2 vAlign=top width=460><BR clear=all><!--========================================================--><!--===============Paste story between here=================--><!--========================================================-->
<H1>Analysis: Web sites are locking out the disabled</H1>
<TABLE align=top border=0 width=63>
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD><A href="http://www.idg.net/go.cgi?id=13176" target=new><SPAN
class=byline>From...<BR></SPAN><IMG alt="PC World" border=0
height=32 src="/TECH/images/9801/computing/logo_us_pcw-cnn.gif"
width=113></A> </TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
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<!--/date--></P><IMG align=right alt="" border=0 height=168 hspace=2
src="story.disable.tech.jpg" vspace=2 width=220>
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<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD>
<HR align=left SIZE=1 width=170>
<SPAN class=FSnBSmDk>In this story:</SPAN> <BR><BR><SPAN
class=FSnPSmDk><A href="#1">A problem ignored</A><BR><BR><A
href="#2">Access is not so hard</A><BR><BR><A href="#0">Signs of
progress</A><BR><BR><A href="#3">Uncle Sam steps in</A><BR><BR><A
href="#4">Smarter technology ahead?</A><BR><BR><A href="#5">Access
versus isolation</A><BR><BR><B><A href="#r">RELATED STORIES,
SITES</B> <IMG alt=icon border=0 height=13
src="/images/1999/02/icons/white.ffffff/down.gif" width=13></A>
</SPAN><BR><BR>
<HR align=left SIZE=1 width=170>
</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<P class=byline>by Judy Heim</P>
<P>(IDG) -- Every morning Marlaina Lieberg, who's been blind from birth,
reads her local paper, the <I>Seattle Times</I>, on the Web, with her
guide dog, Madeline, at her feet. Lieberg also taps into Web sites to
research corporations she'll pitch her consulting company's services to
and trades e-mail with clients. In her spare moments, she trades stocks
online and shops for groceries. Last year she bought all her gifts on the
Web. </P><!-- === also === -->
<TABLE align=right bgColor=#ffffff border=0 cellPadding=0 cellSpacing=0
width=170>
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD bgColor=#ff6600 height=14 width=14><IMG alt="" border=0
height=14 hspace=0 src="/images/icons/arrow.orange.gif" width=14></TD>
<TD bgColor=#666666 width=156><SPAN class=BoxTitle><B>
ALSO</B></SPAN></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD colSpan=2>
<TABLE border=0 cellPadding=2 cellSpacing=0 width=170><!-- ........... -->
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD align=left>
<DIV class=BoxStory><A
href="http://www.eeoc.gov/laws/ada.html" target=new>The
Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, Titles I and
V</A><BR></DIV></TD></TR><!-- /........... --></TBODY></TABLE></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD bgColor=#ffffff colSpan=2> </TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><!-- === /also === -->
<P>Lieberg navigates cyberspace with a screen reader, a software utility
that reads Web pages out loud, chattering like a robot as it recites links
and text. Surfing the Web without seeing is time-consuming; Lieberg must
orient herself on pages by listening carefully to words rather than
scanning pictures and must navigate using her keyboard instead of a mouse.
</P>
<P>Even so, Lieberg exults over the freedom that the Web has given her.
"These shopping services are so important for people who are unable to
drive, and for those of us who are unable to peruse the aisles," she says.
"It is such a joy. I can even read package directions. I've never done
this sort of thing before." </P>
<P>Lieberg can't navigate every Web site easily with her screen reader,
though. The majority of Web pages are poorly designed for anyone who's not
surfing with a standard copy of Internet Explorer or Netscape Navigator:
Buttons can be hard to identify, Java applets can be impenetrable, and
forms tend to be indecipherable if they're not coded for a screen reader.
</P>
<P>Making Web sites accessible to all potential customers seems like
common sense. One in five Americans has some disability; as the country
ages, that percentage is expected to increase. A Web site that's navigable
by an assistive technology such as a screen reader is also accessible by
phones and palmtops, not to mention by old, slow computers. In addition,
suggests Mike Piper of PiperStudiosInc, designers of an accessible site
for Easter Seals, every site wants to stand out, and the goodwill
generated by maintaining an accessible online presence can be a powerful
way to do that.</P>
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<P>Accessibility also makes sense legally: The Justice Department has
ruled that the Americans With Disabilities Act applies to the Web, not
just to places that can be accessed physically. A retailer whose Web site
doesn't meet ADA standards can be sued under the act, just as a
brick-and-mortar store can. </P>
<P>But as the online world grows more graphical, it becomes less
accessible to disabled users. For years Rose Combs, a blind medical
transcriptionist in Scottsdale, Arizona, used the text-based GEnie
service, which was easy to traverse with a screen reader. When GEnie shut
its doors, Combs found that getting Web tasks accomplished could be a
struggle. "I can't count the times I have had to call my husband to help
me navigate a site," she says. </P>
<P>Web sites also hamper those with nonvisual disabilities. Jamie Berke,
who is deaf, says she has "waged losing battles" trying to convince
network-TV Web sites to provide closed captions for news Webcasts. Even
President Clinton's recent Webcast about government and the Internet
wasn't captioned, notes Berke, who runs a site called the Closed
Captioning Web (link below). </P>
<P>"It's hit-or-miss whether a site will be accessible," says Joseph
Lazzaro, director of the adaptive technology program at the Massachusetts
Commission for the Blind and author of <I>Adapting PCs for
Disabilities</I> (Addison-Wesley, 1995). "If you're cut off from
information, you're not going to go to school, you're not going to get a
job. You're going to be left out of a lot that society has to offer." </P>
<P>Even being a good citizen may pose a challenge. Recently, Arizona
became the first state to let its citizens vote online. But Rose Combs
couldn't cast her cyberballot without assistance.</P><A name=1>
<H3>A problem ignored</H3></A>
<P>In recent years, the physical world has adapted to the needs of the
disabled: wheelchair ramps, Braille markings, closed captioning. But of
more than 30 major shopping, search, auction, news, and financial Web
sites that <I>PC World</I> contacted, only a handful admitted any interest
in -- much less any action taken toward -- tailoring the sites for
accessibility. A spokesperson for one electronics retailer that asked not
to be named said, "That's not a market we've thought about pursuing." Many
Web retailers declined to be interviewed for this article. Others did not
return repeated calls. </P>
<P>Some sites expressed a vague interest in keeping all users happy;
others were dismissive. Anna Lonergan, a spokesperson for The Gap, told us
the company has no plans to make its site accessible. "We're aware of the
technologies but have no plans to implement them," she said. Asked why
not, she replied, "That touches in the realm of strategy, and we don't
discuss strategy." </P>
<P>A spokesperson at one of the country's largest computer retailers said
that the company's Web designers had not even considered the issue until
PC World brought it to their attention. That retailer isn't alone: Until
this article, this magazine hadn't examined the accessibility of its own
site, PCWorld.com. Since then, we've made plans for modest immediate moves
to improve access, such as using larger type and clearer directory
descriptions, as well as for more-substantial long-term efforts. </P>
<P>Why don't more firms keep accessibility in mind? Mike Paciello, a Web
accessibility consultant and technical director for WebAble, a resource
for accessible Web design, says, "They don't see the market. The moment
you tell a company how important it is to their business to make their Web
site accessible, they come back with statistics that the market isn't big
enough for them to spend the money."</P><A name=2>
<H3>Access is not so hard</H3></A>
<P>But developing an accessible site is pricey only if you're redesigning
a large site from the ground up, contends Kynn Bartlett, director of the
HTML Writers Guild's Accessible Web Authoring Resources and Education
Center and a Web site accessibility consultant. "We're not talking about
doubling the cost of your site; we're talking about adding 1 or 2 percent
to its cost and increasing your audience by 20 percent," he says. </P>
<P>Other Webmasters fear that making a site accessible means replacing
attractive graphics with an austere look and a big typeface. Bartlett says
that's a myth. "I tell people, don't take down Java, don't get rid of that
animation -- just add an alternative." </P>
<P>The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines released by the World Wide Web
Consortium call for simple changes, such as describing graphics and audio
using text and providing alternatives to applets and scripts. Such tweaks
result in a site that's easily navigable by many assistive tools. They
also make a site friendly to those with a wide variety of disabilities,
including visual, auditory, cognitive, and motor impairments.</P><A
name=0>
<H3>Signs of progress</H3></A>
<P>For now, many sites remain oblivious to the problem. But the news isn't
all bad. Judy Brewer, director of the W3C's Web Accessibility Initiative,
says that a number of sites are beginning to consider it. "I think that in
probably half of those companies [that <I>PC World</I> contacted], people
are already working on Web accessibility, but word hasn't spread through
the organization." </P>
<P>Some companies have made progress. Microsoft, for instance, is
gradually improving its sites. "The [W3C] guidelines are not rocket
science, but they're not that easy to figure out how to apply in some
cases," says Dick Brown, program manager for Web accessibility at
Microsoft. </P>
<P>IBM is also revising its Web site as part of a companywide initiative
to make all its products accessible. Kim Stephens, Webmaster at IBM's
accessibility center, says that the biggest challenge has been educating
employees on the importance of Web accessibility. "We've found that one of
the most effective motivators is to let someone hear how their Web page
sounds [when recited by a screen reader]. When they hear how broken it
sounds, [it inspires] them to change it." </P>
<P>In many cases, smaller sites can move more quickly than big ones.
Consider Coffee Anyone?, a mom-and-pop site operated by Norman and
Rosemary Belssner. Until they started corresponding with customers, the
Belssners were unaware that many were blind. They hadn't known about site
accessibility but were surprised at how easy it was to implement. </P>
<P>"The problems [customers] were having were subtle," explains Norman
Belssner. "We didn't have some shopping cart buttons labeled, for
example." The changes he made were simple and took minutes. "Creating
accessibility in a brick-and-mortar environment is far more challenging
than adding accessibility to your Web site," concludes Belssner, who says
revamping the site has helped his company's bottom line.</P><A name=3>
<H3>Uncle Sam steps in</H3></A>
<P>Not every company sees accessibility as a smart business decision, but
those that do not could find themselves in trouble with the law. Last
year, the National Federation of the Blind filed suit against America
Online, arguing that because AOL's software does not work with screen
readers, the service violates the ADA. Under Title III of the act, passed
in 1990, all "public accommodations" must provide reasonable access to
persons with disabilities. In 1996, the Department of Justice ruled that
Web sites are public accommodations and must therefore offer access to the
disabled. (A separate law mandates that federal sites created after August
7, 2000, be accessible.) </P>
<P>"Traditionally, what has been covered by the ADA is physical
structures," says Curtis Chong, director of technology for the NFB. "We in
the National Federation of the Blind believe that although we don't have
many problems accessing buildings, the world is moving in the direction
that everything one does revolves around electronic services and the
Internet. If the blind can't use that information, we will not be able to
compete. We will be relegated to the backwaters of the electronic
information highway." </P>
<P>Chong says that before filing suit, the organization asked AOL to
modify its software, but the company "pretty much ignored us." Nicholas
Graham of AOL reports that the company is talking with the NFB. He says
AOL will support screen readers in future versions of its software,
although he can't say when. </P>
<P><I>Editor's note: As this story went to press, the NFB dropped its
lawsuit against AOL, after the company agreed to make its Internet
browsing software and content compatible with screen-reading programs.</I>
</P>
<P>The NFB is considering suits against other ISPs and Web sites. "The AOL
suit has drawn people's attention to the fact that this is a serious
issue," says Cynthia Waddell, ADA coordinator for the city of San Jose,
California. The ADA mandates both that sites be accessible to the disabled
and that workers can request that their own company's site be redesigned
so they can perform their jobs, she says. </P>
<P>Waddell says many businesses fear the expense that could accompany
redesigning their sites to comply with the ADA, but accessible design
isn't necessarily costly. "When the ADA was passed in 1990, there was
concern that businesses would go bankrupt because they would have to make
their buildings accessible," she explains. "Now we're hearing the same
argument." </P>
<P>Steve Jacobson, vice president of the computer science division for the
National Federation of the Blind, says such concerns are mostly
groundless. "Some of [this is] fear mongering.... We're not looking at a
massive rewrite of Web pages but at working with Web designers to make
pages accessible." </P>
<P>Earlier this year, the NFB and the Connecticut attorney general's
office reached an agreement with four companies that provide online tax
filing services. The Internal Revenue Service listed HDVest, Intuit, H
& R Block, and Gilman & Ciocia on its site as partners for
e-filing, but users with screen readers couldn't file returns on those
sites. The firms agreed to make their sites accessible by the 2000 tax
season. </P>
<P>Similarly, the California Council of the Blind has been working with
large financial institutions to ensure that their sites are accessible.
The first agreement was reached in March with Bank of America. "I think
it's really important to get people in the institutions to understand why
technology should be accessible," says Lainey Feingold, a disability
rights lawyer in Berkeley, California, who represents the council. "We
approached the banks and said, 'You have a problem here.' They've been
totally on board."</P><A name=4>
<H3>Smarter technology ahead?</H3></A>
<P>One reason the Internet isn't more hospitable to the disabled is that
few Web authoring tools take accessibility into consideration. But new W3C
Authoring Tool Accessibility Guidelines should improve the situation.
"Hopefully, in the future any tool you pull off the shelf is going to help
you to automatically create accessible Web pages," says the W3C's Brewer.
</P>
<P>Some Web technology companies are also working on fixes. For instance,
when a screen reader encounters Java on a Web site, the result can sound
like a Martian poem. Sun Microsystems has created the Java Accessibility
API, which lets screen readers and voice recognition devices make Java
applets and applications talk as well as listen. However, this solution
works only if developers build Java apps that take advantage of the new
API and users have an up-to-date screen reader and browser. </P>
<P>Another new tool is the Web-captioning editor Media Access Generator
from public TV station WGBH and its National Center for Accessible Media
in Boston. "One reason there are hardly any captions on the Web is because
they're a big pain in the neck to create," says Geoff Freed, project
manager for the Web Access Project at NCAM. With MAGpie, as the editor is
called, one can write video captions in multiple formats simply. "This
knocks down one excuse for not providing captions," he says. </P>
<P>Disabled users may also benefit as companies see profit in providing
Web access to phones, wireless PDAs, and other devices. "When we were
writing the accessibility guidelines, someone told us we should really
call them Guidelines for Making Your Web Site Work With Mobile
Technologies," says Gregg Vanderheiden, director of the University of
Wisconsin's Trace Research Center and an editor of the W3C accessibility
guidelines. "If you want to access the Web with a Palm Pilot, you want
text large, and that's how people with low vision want to view the page.
If you want to access the Internet via phone, you're accessing it
auditorily, and that's how someone with a speech reader accesses it." </P>
<P>Earl Johnson, an accessibility architect at Sun, feels that wireless
devices will start to transform the Web in as little as two to three
years, making it more accessible to people with and without disabilities
in the process. "If you start introducing in your site the ability to
display information on different devices, that's where accessibility
starts to benefit every user," he says. </P><A name=5>
<H3>Access versus isolation</H3></A>
<P>Despite remaining roadblocks, the Web is already helping the disabled.
"Look at the wealth of information you have at your fingertips," marvels
Kelly Ford, an access technology coordinator at Mount Hood Community
College in Gresham, Oregon. Ford has been blind since birth. "Admittedly
some of it is hard to get at, but 20 years ago I couldn't flip through the
L.A. Times and read book reviews, let alone buy the books online." </P>
<P>Looking ahead, users and activists voice cautious optimism. Most agree
that there will be more lawsuits, and more rankling between consumers and
Webmasters. "I see [the Web] becoming accessible, but slowly," says the
Massachusetts Commission for the Blind's Lazzaro. "It's not going to
happen overnight." </P>
<P>And the Web won't truly be open to all until "all providers of
information on the Net... put effort into making that information readily
accessible to everyone, regardless of physical barriers," says Vint Cerf,
an Internet founding father and chairman of the Internet Societal Task
Force. </P>
<P>"If you are deaf, you need captions for spoken elements. If you are
blind, you need voiced descriptions of Web contents and spoken renderings
of e-mail. The range of physical disabilities is very large, and we need
many different tools to overcome the consequential barriers to Internet
use," says Cerf, who himself has a hearing impairment. "Let us commit
ourselves to truly assuring that the Internet really is for everyone."</P>
<P class=byline>For more in this article, see "Learn more about Web
accessibility" and "How the talking Web works -- and doesn't," links
below.</P><!--========================================================--><!--===============Paste story between here=================--><!--========================================================--><!--========================================================--><!--======================= Relateds =======================--><!--========================================================--><BR
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