Linux desktop push could benefit disabled (fwd)
William F. Acker WB2FLW +1-303-777-8123
wacker at octothorp.org
Wed Oct 17 13:25:17 EDT 2001
---------- Forwarded message ----------
Date: Mon, 15 Oct 2001 20:38:58 GMT
From: Maurice A. Mines <mmines at mines-family.net>
To: mmines at qwest.net
Subject: Linux desktop push could benefit disabled
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EE Times www.cmpnet.com
The Technology Network
Linux desktop push could benefit disabled
By Terry Costlow, EE Times
Oct 10, 2001 (2:01 PM)
URL: http://www.eetimes.com/story/OEG20011010S0069
If the push to extend Linux to the desktop is successful, the disabled
will be big beneficiaries. The Gnome Accessibility Framework is
finalizing a release that incorporates support for accessible
applications programs, a move that will make it far simpler for
developers to link peripherals such as screen readers to systems
running the open-source Linux operating system.
The project to develop the hooks needed for accessibility hardware and
software was begun by Sun Microsystems Inc. (Palo Alto, Calif.), but
has now gained the help of a number of companies within and without
the small industry that focuses on accessibility for handicapped
people. Among them are IBM, HP-Compaq and Linux proponents Red Hat,
Eazel and TurboLinux.
"Gnome 2.0 has been completely redesigned; we're building full support
for disabilities into it," said Peter Korn, accessibility manager at
Sun, referring to the GNU project's Gnome platform for home and office
desktop PCs. "It's no longer just a Sun effort. We have gotten lots of
help from the open community."
"Those of us on the receiving end of this haven't seen anything to
base a firm reaction on, but in theory what they're doing will be very
beneficial," said Bud Rizer, director of the Center on Disabilities at
California State University, Northridge (CSUN). "I'm sure this will
come to market soon; they've put too much into it not to get it out."
The Gnome Accessibility Framework is expected to ship late his year,
and those involved in simplifying computer access for disabled people
are anxious to see it in action. (The word, an acronym for GNU Network
Object Model Environment, is pronounced guh-nome.)
Moreover, the timing for the framework's arrival is propitious.
Earlier this year, Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act was enacted,
directing federal agencies to provide computer and Internet access to
people with disabilities or face being sued.
Some observers contend that 54 million Americans, about one in five,
have some form of disability, from carpal-tunnel syndrome to more
severe impairments. Proponents of accessibility technology also
contend that many of the developments which make products useful for
disabled people benefit other citizens as well. Sidewalk cutouts, for
example, are an aid not only to people in wheelchairs but also to
bicyclists and skateboarders.
Whether or not the Gnome Accessibility Framework sees widespread
usage, of course, hinges on the overall acceptance of Gnome itself on
the desktop. Sun has pledged to adopt Gnome for its own desktop
environment, and a number of major companies also support it.
Gnome is up against stiff competition, however, since it hopes to vie
with Microsoft Office for desktop preeminence. Meanwhile, Microsoft
Corp. too is putting a strong emphasis on accessibility software. The
Redmond, Wash., company has mustered a 40-member team that has contact
with all in-house development groups, advising them on accessibility
issues. Microsoft last year won an award for 12 years of effort in
computer accessibility.
Hooks for accessibility have been built right into the Gnome
framework, making it far simpler to integrate hardware and software
that meets the needs of handicapped people. Screen readers,
voice-recognition programs and speech-synthesis systems are among the
types of gear that can help the disabled operate computers. "Products
can work with the full operations of the operating system they're
running on instead of being bolted on and working just with some
things," said Sun's Korn.
Java has these hooks, and its developers at Sun have garnered much
praise for including them in that OS. "A few months ago, the American
Foundation for the Blind [gave an award to] Java for building the
hooks in. Java was a predecessor to Gnome," Korn said.
Many of the companies that serve the disabilities marketplace are
looking forward to the availability of Gnome because it will simplify
their development cycles. The open-source Linux environment is
expected to go through fewer changes than other operating systems, so
the time and expense of upgrading to new OS versions will be vastly
diminished. That's a big concern in the accessibility world, since
many of the companies in the field have just a handful of employees
and limited resources.
"Compared with the mainstream computer companies, companies in the
disabled marketplace are very, very small," said Rizer of CSUN. "Each
time there's a change in the desktop environment, going back to the
time of DOS, they have had to do a total redesign of their products.
If Sun does this [Gnome framework] as planned, those types of changes
won't be necessary anymore, and they can focus on developing better
products."
Korn added that Sun's experience in making Java accessible to
designers of equipment for handicapped people has helped in the
creation of the Gnome Accessibility Framework. "When people go from
Windows 95 to 98 to ME, companies need to create new versions of
screen readers, or whatever product they make," Korn said. "They have
not had to do that with Java, and they will not have to do that with
Gnome. We've said this is the responsibility of the platform. It's
like building a house with Legos: People usually use stock windows and
doors. In software, if there are stock pieces available for free,
people will use them, so that's what we've done in Gnome."
Affordable systems
Korn and others believe that as more accessibility components become
widely available, the cost of equipment will decline, making computing
far more affordable for the handicapped and the agencies that serve
them, both of which often are on tight budgets.
"There are tremendous implications for supports and maintenance costs
as well as for the initial costs," Korn said. "If it doesn't take an
engineering team a year to write a screen reader, a screen reader
might not cost $1,200."
In addition to the Accessibility Framework, Sun has released version
1.4 of its Java 2 software development kit. The kit contains core
support for accessibility and the Swing user interface libraries,
which support the Java accessibility API (also included in the kit).
Other elements include the Java Runtime environment and plug-ins for
browsers. Sun is also shipping version 0.4 of the Java Accessibility
Helper, a test tool for Java accessibility.
EE Times www.cmpnet.com
The Technology Network
Copyright 1998 CMP Media Inc.
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